An Introduction to Stepper Motors: What They Are and How They Work

Stepper motors allow for precise movement control, making them an essential component in many modern machines and applications. But what exactly are stepper motors and how do they work? In this short guide, we'll explore the mechanics behind their precise movements.

Definition

A stepper motor is a type of electric motor that rotates a specific number of degrees in response to a series of electrical pulses. Unlike other types of motors, stepper motors move in small, precise steps rather than continuously rotating. This makes them suitable for applications requiring precise movement control, such as robotics or automated manufacturing.

Component

Stepper motors are designed with a rotor, the moving component of the motor, and a stator, the stationary part. The rotor comprises a series of teeth, or poles, which align with the stator's magnetic field when a current is applied.

The stator comprises two or more poles, which are energized sequentially to create a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field causes the rotor to move in precise increments, allowing for accurate motor control.

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Types of stepper motors

  • The permanent magnet stepper motor (PM): Uses a permanent magnet rotor and a stator with two or more windings. The rotor's magnetic field aligns with the stator's magnetic field when a current is applied, causing the rotor to rotate. PM stepper motors are known for their high efficiency.

  • The variable reluctance stepper motor (VR): Has a rotor with teeth that align with the stator's poles, which are energized in a specific sequence to create a magnetic field that causes the rotor to rotate.

  • The hybrid stepper motor: Combines features of both PM and VR stepper motors. It has a multi-toothed rotor like the VR stepper motor but also includes a permanent magnet. The hybrid stepper motor offers high torque and accuracy. 

Stepper motors are perfect for applications requiring precise movement control, such as 3D printers, CNC machines, and medical devices.

ISL Products is a top producer of stepper motors. Unlike other stepper manufacturers, we offer customized stepper motors. Contact ISL Products today to request a free quote.

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